Anjou
Ermengarde of Anjou
Geoffroy
"Grisegonelle"
Adèle de Troyes
Conan
I in 960
Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne
vol 1 p63 (Pierre-Hyacinthe Morice, 1750)
AN.
970 … Il y avoit dix ans, que Conan Comte de Rennes avoit épousé
Hermengarde, fille de Geoffroi. Cette alliance qui devoit
naturellement les unir, n’avoit pas empêché que Conan ne fit revivre
les droits de ſes ancêtres ſur cette partie de l’Anjou, qui eſt entre
le Maine & les frontiéres de la Bretagne.
This roughly translates as:
AN. 970 … Ten years ago, Conan, Count of Rennes, had married
Hermengarde, daughter of Geoffroi. This alliance, which was naturally to
unite them, had not prevented Conan from reviving the rights of his
ancestors over this part of Anjou, which is between Maine and the
borders of Brittany.
Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne
vol 1 p65 (Pierre-Hyacinthe Morice, 1750)
Conan laiſſa pluſieurs enfans légitimes & quelques bâtards; les
premiers ſont Geoffroi qui lui ſuccéda; Juhael Comte de Porhoet,
ſuivant du Faz, Judicael Evêque de Vannes, Catuallon Abbé de Redon,
Alain, Urvodius, deux autres tués à Angers , & Judith femme de
Richard II. Duc de Normandie.
This roughly translates as:
Conan left several legitimate children and some bastards; the
first are Geoffrey who succeeded him; Juhael Count of Porhoet, follower
of Faz, Judicael Bishop of Vannes, Catuallon Abbot of Redon, Alain,
Urvodius, two others killed at Angers, and Judith wife of Richard II,
Duke of Normandy.
Glabri Rodulphi Historiarum liber II in Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France
vol 10 p15 (1874)
CAP.
III. De Conano Duce Brittonum, et Fulcone Andegavorum.
… Horum scilicet Brittonum aliquandò Princeps extitit quidam (d)
Conanus nomine, qui etiam accepta in matrimonio (e) Fulconis
Andegavorum Comitis sorore
(d) Conanus Redonensis Comes, mortuo Alano Guereci
filio, solus regnavit anno 990.
(e) Fulco Nerra dictus patri suo Goffredo successit an.
987, obiit an. 1040.
This roughly translates as:
CHAPTER III. Of Conan, Duke of the Britons, and Fulk
of Anjou.
… Of these Britons, a certain (d) Conan by name was for some time
a prince, who also took in marriage (e) the sister of Fulk, count
of Anjou
(d) Conan, Count of Redon, reigned alone in the year 990, after the
death of Alan, son of Guerec.
(e) Fulk, called Nerra, succeeded his father Godfrey in the year 987,
and died in the year 1040.
The Conqueror and his companions vol 1 p80
(James Robinson Planché, 1874)
Judith
was the only child of Conan le Tort, Count of Rennes, by his second wife
Ermengarde, daughter of Geoffrey Grisegonelle, married according to the
“Chroniques de Mont St. Michel” in 970. Conan was slain at the battle of
Conquereux in 992.
Foulques I "le Reux"
Ingelger
see Ex Chronico Turorensi in Recueil
des historiens des Gaules et de la France vol 9 p47 (1874)
for Ingelger's death in 888 and Ex Chronico Turorensi in Recueil
des historiens des Gaules et de la France vol 9 p52 (1874)
for his burial in St Martin Tours
Roscilla
see Ex Chronico Turorensi in Recueil
des historiens des Gaules et de la France vol 9 p47 (1874)
for Roscilla's father
Count of Anjou
Foulques was viscount of Angers, before becoming count of Anjou. He was also
viscount of Tours, count of Nantes and abbot of Saint-Aubin d'Angers and
Saint-Lézin
This charter, dated 929-930, by Foulques I names his father, his wife, his
children and his wife's parents.
Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers
vol 1 pp203-4 (Bertrand de Broussillon, 1903)
Carta
Fulconis Andecavorum, comitis Ingelgerii filii, de donatione curtis
Chiriaci Sancto Albino.
[58] In nomine Domini nostri et Salvatoris Jhesu
Christi.
Ego Fulco, Andecavorum cornes, abbas quoque Saneti Albini
Sanctique Lizinii, necnon et uxor mea Roscilla et filii mei, Widdo ac
Fulco, nullius cogentis imperium, sed nostra plenissima voluntate,
fatetur nos, pro Dei amore et pro remedium mee anime vel anime
Ingelgerio, genitore meo, atque Ingelgerio, filio meo, necnon pro
anima Warnerio, socro meo et uxore sua, Tescenda, ut pius Dominus de
peccatis nostris indulgentiam habere dignaretur, curti Chiriaci cum
silvis vel pratis, totum ad integrum in inquisitum, quantumcumque in
ipso loco in mea videtur esse potestate, vobis trado atque firmo ut ab
hac die ac deinceps habeatis, teneatis, possideatis, neminem
contradicentem.
Est autem prefata curtis super alveum Ligeris.
Si quis autem, ausu temerario, contra hanc donationem venire
aut infrangere conaverit, primitus iram Dei omnipotentis incurrat
sancteque virginis Marie, sancti quoque Albini ac sancti Lizinii
necnon omnium sanctorum Dei, et hoc quod repetit non vindicet, et
insuper coactus auri cocti libras decem exsolvat, et presens scriptio
firma ac stabilis permaneat cum stipulatione subnixa.
S. Fulconis comitis ac filiis suis fieri ac firmare jusserunt.
S. Fulconi vicario. S. Hervei episcopi. S. Letgaudi prepositi. S.
Adhelardo decano. S. Otberto archidiacono. S. Herveo presbitero. S.
Rainaldo presbitero. S. Ysachar diacono. S. Lisierno subdiacono. S.
Warino. S. Alveo. S. Heldemanno. S, Herneiso. S. Bernardo. S.
Marcoardo. S. Widdoni. S. Sieffrido. S. Ulgerio.
Actum Andecavis civitate, regnante Rodulfo rege anno VII.
Adutanus monachus scripsit.
(1) Cette charte a été imprimée par Mabille, à la page 101 de
son introduction aux Chroniques des comtes d’Anjou. Avant lui,
elle avait été publiée plus ou moins complètement au tome II, p. 121,
de la première édition du Gallia, dans le Franc-Alleu
de Galland, p. 295; au tome II, p. 524 de l’Abrégé chronologique
de Labbe et dans Dom Morice, Preuves, t. I, p. 343. M. d’Achon
en possède une copie authentique de 1767 dans laquelle quelques-unes
des incorrections grammaticales du texte ont été corrigées.
This roughly translates as:
Charter of Fulcon of Anjou, son of count Ingelgerius, concerning the
donation of the manor of Cyriacus to Saint Albinus.
[58] In the name of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.
I Fulcon, count of Anjou, also abbot of Saint Albinus and Saint
Lizinius, and also my wife Roscilla and my sons, Widdo and Fulco,
without any compelling authority, but of our own most complete will,
confess that we, for the love of God and for the remedy of my soul and
the souls of Ingelgerius, my father, and Ingelgerius, my son, and also
for the soul of Warner, my father-in-law and his wife, Tescenda, that
the pious Lord may deign to have indulgence for our sins, do deliver and
confirm to you the manor of Cyriacus with its woods or meadows, all in
full and in the inquisition, as much as seems to be in my power in that
place, that from this day and henceforth you may have, hold, and
possess, no one opposing us.
Now the aforementioned manor is on the channel of the Loire.
If anyone, however, with reckless audacity, attempts to come
against this donation or to break it, let him first incur the wrath of
Almighty God and the holy Virgin Mary, also Saint Albinus and Saint
Lizinius, and all the saints of God, and let him not vindicate what he
repeats, and in addition, he shall be forced to pay ten pounds of baked
gold, and let this writing remain firm and stable with the stipulation
supported by it.
They ordered that it be made and confirmed by count Fulk and his
sons. Signed Fulk's vicar. Signed Hervey, bishop. Signed Letgaud,
provost. Signed Adhelard, dean. Signed Otbert, archdeacon. Signed
Hervey, presbyter. Signed Rainald, presbyter. Signed Issachar, deacon.
Signed Lisierno, subdeacon. Signed Warin. Signed Alvey. Signed
Heldemann. Signed Herneis. Signed Bernard. Signed Marcoard. Signed
Widdoni. Signed Sieffrid. Signed Ulger.
Act of the city of Angers, in the reign of King Rodolfo in the
seventh year.
The monk Adutanus wrote.
(1) This charter was printed by Mabille, on page 101 of his
introduction to the Chronicles of the Counts of Anjou. Before
him, it had been published more or less completely in volume II, p. 121,
of the first edition of Gallia, in Galland's Franc-Alleu
p. 295; in volume II, p. 524 of Labbe's Chronological Summary and in Dom
Morice, Preuves, t. I, p. 343. M. d'Achon has an authentic copy
from 1767 in which some of the grammatical errors in the text have been
corrected.
Chroniques des comtes d'Anjou pp31-4 (Louis
Halphen and René Poupardin, 1913)
GESTA CONSULUM ANDEGAVORUM
DE FULCONE RUFO
Mortuo itaque patre suo, tempore Lodovici régis Nil Facientis,
ad tulelam sui filli Karoli, parvi pupilli remanentis, atque ad
defensionem regni jam labefacti, quod ille satis debile per
invalitudinem suam fecerat, communi Francorum tractatu electus et
accitus est Hugo dux Burgundie, qui orphani illius ex parte matris
consanguineus erat, sicut loquuntur historie. Hic idem Hugo, vir et
fidei spectabilis et virtutis, tutele sue officium validius quam
transactus pririceps qui regnaverat amministrare pro liberatione
patrie voluit et speravit, fecissetque si vite prolixitas annuisset.
Nam recepta cum christiana devotione et fidelitate potestate illa, que
suo tempore cum reverentia et pia humilitate abacomitatus dicta est, a
successoribus vero ejus in arrogantius vocabulum, quod est ducamen,
mutata, adeptus est princeps ille idem in premium et honorificentiani
pro laborc suo partem terrarum in regno. Quod factum est per episcopos
et nobiles totius rcgni, qui ei, volenle et concedente Karolo rege
puero, dederunt Neustriam. Quo nomine continetur quicquid a Parisius
et Aurelianis interjacet inter Ligerim et Sequanam inferius usque in
Oceanum. Iste itaque tractus cum ei datus esset ad integrum cum
civitatibus et comitatibus et ab[b]atiis castellisque, preter
episcopatus solos, qui in regia dominicatura retenti sunt, voluit
comites et reliquos proceres suos animosiores et fortiores ad
propugnandam regionem efficere. Ideoque omnes aut muneribus aut
honoribus ampliavit.
Iste Fulconi Rufo, sibi per aviam suam consanguineitate, sicut
predictum et nobis traditum, conjuncto, integrum comitatum
Andegavensium, qui prius bipertitus erat, donavit. Similiter ei et
ab[b]atias sancti Albiniet sancli Licini contulit1, que
ambe antea regis dominice fuerant. Que omnia Karolus Stultus, filius
Lodovici Balbi qui Nichil Fecit, sibi concessit. Vastus animus
istius immoderata, incredibilia, nimis alta spe faciebat. Nam
ipse audax, patiens erat inedie, algoris et vigilie,
sed tamen ardens in cupiditatibus, parum subdolus, varius,
cujuslibet rei simulator ac dissimulalor extitit. Contra etiam
istum pleraque nobilitas invidia estuabat et quasi pollui
consulatum credebat si eum novus homo, quamvis esset egregius,
adeptus totum foret. Sed licet diu disturbarent, ubi
periculum Normannorum atque Britonum omnia turbantium advenit,
invidia atque superbia post fuere. Nam semper complures bonis
invident, malos et inertes extollunt, nova optant, odio
mutari plura turba atque seditionibus nituntur. Is verô,
adepto toto consulatu, quoscunque moribus idoneos credebat et
bello usai fore notos noverat, hos omnes sibi alliciebat.
Igitur iste Fulco uxorem nobilem de pago Turonico duxit, nomine
Roscillam, Warnerii filiam cujus erant tunc tria castella in Turonico,
illud quod dicimus Lochas atque Villentrasti et Haia, quorum duo
postea Fulco non bona ratione adquisivit. Warnerius iste, cujus filiam
Fulco duxit, filius Adelaudi fuit, illius scilicet cui Karolus Galvus
Lochas dedit. Qui Ambazium, sibi similiter a rege datum, Adalaudo
episcopo, filio suo ex baptismo, et fratri suo, cum adhuc villa esset,
reddiderat. Nam jure hereditario eis contingebat eisque pernimium
parvulis predictus rex abstulerat.
Iste Fulco longevo tempore vixit filiosque suos adultos vidit,
quorum unus, nomine Guido, per Hugonem abacomitem Suessionis episcopus
factus2, quedam improbabiliter fecit, sed illud laudabile
et clarum fuit quod Karolum Stultum, quem paulo ante dixi remansisse
de Lodovico Nichil Fecit, quem supra memoravimus orphanum, ipsum a
Normannis captum, negligentibus aliis Francis, ipse Guido, obses
spontanee factus pro eo, laudabiliter a vinculis abstraxit3.
Habuit et Fulco Rufus alium filium, nomine Ingelgerium, adolescentem
militarem et validum. Qui ubi primum adolevit, pollens
viribus et ingenio decoraque facie, non se luxui
neque inertie corrumpendum dedit, sed equitando plurima
preclara faciebat et minimum ipse de se loquebatur.
Quibus actibus suis omnibus vehementissime carus,
hostibus vero terrori habebatur. Sed iste Normannis resistendo
multas preclaras pugnas perfecit; a quibus ad ultimum captus et
occisus, lucem juvenis amisit1, Necnon Fulco Rufus habuit
et tertium, juniorem predi[c]torum, de quo post loquemur. Rufus itaque
Fulco, ad senilem etatem perductus, jam infestatione Normannorum
aliquatenus sedata, cum lumine visus imminuto sibi propinquare
sentiret mortem, de excessibus in quibus offenderat conpunctus et
penitens (nam in libidinum petulantiam vitiosus fuisse narratur), per
domnum Herveum Andegavensem episcopum, virum religiosum et timentem
Deum, emendationem suarum culparum Deo optulit; qui pro redemptione
earum thesaurum suum totum pauperibus erogavit, insuper et monasteriis
sancti Albini sanctique Lizini, in quibus utrisque tunc temporis
clerici degebant, optimam curtem Chiriacum, super alveum Ligeris
positam, in elemosinam eis in perpetuum tradidit2. Clerici
vero sancti Martini, post donationem factam et scriptam, a duabus
aliis congregationibus in partem sextam acciti sunt3.
1. Foulque le Roux paraît comme abbé de Saint-Aubin et Saint-Lézin
dans une charte des années 929-930 (Cartulaire de Saint-Aubin
d’Angers, éd. Bertrand de Broussillon, no 177).
1. Une donation est faite en 929-930 par le comte Foulque, d’accord
avec sa femme « Roscilla » et ses fils Gui et Foulque, pour le repos
de l’âme de son père « Ingelgerius », de son fils « Ingelgerius », de
son beau-père Garnier et de « Tescenda », femme de ce dernier (Cartulaire
de Saint-Aubin, éd. Bertrand de Broussillon, no 177).
Cf. ci-dessous, la généalogie no II.
2. Cf. Flodoard, Annales, ann 987, éd. Ph. Lauer, p.
68: « Abbo Suessorum praesul defungitur et Wido, fîlius Fulconis
Andegavensis, Sancti Martini Turonensis canonicus, ejus episcopatu
potitur. »
3. Sauf une confusion entre Charles le Simple et Louis IV
d’Outre-Mer, en échange duquel Gui s’offrit comme otage (945), les
faits sont exacts. Cf. Flodoard, Annales, ann 945, éd. Ph.
Lauer, p. 99: « ut rex dimittatur, Wido Suessorum episcopus sese
obsidem tradit. » Pour le détail des événements, voir Lauer, Le
règne de Louis IV d’Outre-Mer, p. 136.
1. Cet « Ingelgerius » mourut avant l’année 930. Voir la charte citée
cidessus, p. 33, n. 1. La généalogie no II que nous
publions en appendice admet également que cet Enjuger était le second
fils de Foulque le Roux.
2. La charte de donation, datée de l’an VII du roi Raoul
(929-930), est transcrite au Cartulaire de Saint-Aubin d’Angers,
éd. Bertrand de Broussillon, no 177.
3. Il s’agit des clercs de Saint-Martin d’Angers. Leur
participation pour un sixième aux revenus du domaine de Chirriacus
(appelé dans la suite Saint-Remy-la-Varenne) suscita des procès au XIe
et au XIIe siècle Voir Cartulaire de
Saint-Aubin d’Angers, éd. Bertrand de Broussilllon, nos
180 et 196.
4. Foulque le Roux mourut en 941 ou 942. Voir L. Halphen, Le
comté d'Anjou au XIe siècle, p. 4.
This roughly translates as:
THE DEEDS OF THE CONSULS OF THE ANDEGOVES
OF FULCO RUFO
So when his father died, in the time of king Louis the
Do-Nothing, to take charge of his son Charles, who was a small orphan,
and to defend the kingdom which had already been weakened, which he had
made quite weak by his infirmity, Hugh, Duke of Burgundy, was elected
and summoned by common treaty of the Franks, who was a blood relative of
that orphan on the mother's side, as the histories say. This same Hugh,
a man of both remarkable faith and virtue, by his own protection, wished
and hoped to administer for the liberation of his country more valiantly
than the deceased prince who had reigned, and would have done so if his
long life had permitted. For having received with Christian devotion and
fidelity that power, which in his time was called with reverence and
pious humility an abacount, but which was changed by his successors into
the more arrogant term, which is dukedom, that same prince obtained in
reward and honor a portion of the lands in the kingdom for his labors.
Which was done by the bishops and nobles of the whole kingdom, who,
willingly and with the consent of the young king Charles, gave him
Neustria. Under which name is included whatever lies between Paris and
Aurelian between the Loire and the Seine down to the Ocean. Therefore,
when this tract had been given to him in its entirety with the cities
and counties and abbeys and castles, except only the episcopacies, which
were retained in the royal dominion, he wished to make his counts and
the rest of the nobles more courageous and strong to defend the region.
And therefore he enlarged all of them either with gifts or honors.
He gave to Fulco Rufus, who was related to him through his
grandmother by blood, as aforesaid and handed down to us, the entire
county of Anjou, which had previously been divided into two. Similarly,
he also granted to him the abbeys of Saint Albin and Saint Licinius1,
which had both previously been the king's dominion. All of which Charles
the Fool, son of Louis Balbus, who did nothing, granted to himself. The
vast mind of this man made immoderate, incredible, and overly high
hopes. For he himself was bold, patient in his hunger, thirst, and
wakefulness, but still ardent in his desires, not very cunning, varied,
a pretender and dissimulator of any kind. Most of the nobility also
envied him and believed that the consulship would be polluted if a new
man, however excellent he might be, were to obtain it in its entirety.
But although they disturbed him for a long time, when the danger of the
Normans and Britons, who were disturbing everything, arrived, envy and
pride were behind them. For many always envy the good, exalt the bad and
the indolent, desire new things, and strive for change through hatred
and sedition. But he, having obtained the entire consulship, attracted
to himself all those whom he believed to be of suitable character and
who he knew to be known to be used in war.
Therefore, this Fulk married a noblewoman from the village of
Turonice, named Roscilla, the daughter of Warner, who then had three
castles in Turonice, that which we call Lochas and Villentrasti and
Haia, two of which Fulk later acquired for no good reason. This Warner,
whose daughter Fulk married, was the son of Adelaud, namely the one to
whom Charles Galvus gave Lochas. He had returned Ambazium, which had
been given to him by the king, to bishop Adelaud, his son by baptism,
and to his brother, while it was still a town. For it belonged to them
by hereditary right, and the aforesaid king had taken away the very best
from them as children.
This Fulk lived a long time and saw his sons grow up, one of
whom, named Guy, was made bishop of Suess by Hugh the abbot,2
and he did something improbable, but it was praiseworthy and famous that
Charles the Fool, whom I said a little earlier had remained from Louis
the Great, whom we mentioned above as an orphan, was himself captured by
the Normans, while the other Franks were negligent, Guy himself,
voluntarily becoming a hostage for him, laudably rescued from his bonds3.
Fulk Rufus also had another son, named Ingelgerius, a young soldier and
strong. When he first grew up, powerful in strength and intelligence and
a handsome face, he did not give himself up to luxury or idleness, but
did many excellent things in riding and spoke very little about himself.
For all these acts of his he was held in great esteem, but was truly
feared by his enemies. But he fought many excellent battles in resisting
the Normans; by whom, finally captured and killed, he lost the light of
youth1. Nor did Fulco Rufus have a third, the younger of the
prophets, of whom we will speak later. Therefore, Fulco Rufus, having
reached old age, and now that the Norman invasion had been somewhat
calmed down, and with his eyesight dimmed, felt that death was
approaching him, remorseful and repentant of the excesses in which he
had offended (for he is said to have been vicious in lustful petulance),
offered to God through Lord Herve, bishop of Anjou, a religious and
God-fearing man, the amendment of his sins; who, in redemption of them,
gave away his entire treasury to the poor, and in addition to the
monasteries of St. Albinus and St. Lizinus, in both of which clerics
were living at that time, he gave them the best court of Chiriacum,
situated on the Loire riverbed, as alms in perpetuity2. But
the clerics of St. Martin, after the donation had been made and written,
were called upon by two other congregations to give a sixth part3.
1.
Foulque le Roux appears as abbot of Saint-Aubin and Saint-Lézin in a
charter of the years 929-930 (Cartulaire de Saint-Aubin d’Angers,
ed. Bertrand de Broussillon, no. 177).
1. A donation was made in 929-930 by count Foulque, in agreement
with his wife "Roscilla" and his sons Gui and Foulque, for the repose of
the soul of his father "Ingelgerius", his son "Ingelgerius", his
father-in-law Garnier and "Tescenda", the latter's wife (Cartulaire
de Saint-Aubin, ed. Bertrand de Broussillon, no. 177). Cf. below,
genealogy no II.
2. Cf. Flodoard, Annales, year 987, ed. Ph.D. Lauer, p.
68: "The Abbot of Suess resigns his position as bishop, and Wido, son of
Fulk of Anjou, canon of Saint Martin of Tours, takes over his
episcopate."
3. Except for a confusion between Charles the Simple and Louis IV
d’Outre-Mer, in exchange for whom Gui offered himself as a hostage
(945), the facts are accurate. Cf. Flodoard, Annales, year 945,
ed. Ph.D. Lauer, p. 99: "Either the king is released, or Wido, bishop of
Suess, gives himself up as a hostage." » For the details of the events,
see Lauer, Le règne de Louis IV d’Outre Mer, p. 136.
1. This "Ingelgerius" died before the year 930. See the charter
cited above, p. 33, no. 1. The genealogy no. II that we
publish in the appendix also admits that this Enjuger was the second son
of Foulque le Roux.
2. The donation charter, dated from year VII of king Raoul
(929-930), is transcribed in the Cartulaire de Saint-Aubin d’Angers,
ed. Bertrand de Broussillon, no. 177.
3. These are the clerics of Saint-Martin d’Angers. Their
participation for one-sixth of the revenues of the domain of Chirriacus
(called later Saint-Remy-la-Varenne) gave rise to lawsuits in the 11th
and 12th centuries See Cartulaire de Saint-Aubin d’Angers, ed.
Bertrand de Broussilllon, nos 180 and 196.
4. Fulk the Red died in 941 or 942. See L. Halphen, Le comté
d'Anjou au XIe siècle, p. 4.
p167
GESTA CONSULUM ANDEGAVORUM
ADDITAMENTA
DE FULCONE RUFO. — Iste, similia
patris actibus aut etiam majora adversus impugnatores exercuit.
Integrum comitatum, qui prius bipartitas erat, recepit nec
minora ibi quam sperabatar operatus est; gravia vero bella
insignesque victorias contra hostes factitavit. Nam ipse audax,
patiens erat inedie, algoris et vigilie, sed tamen ardens in
cupiditatibus, varius, cujuslibet rei simulator ac dissimulator
exstitit. Vastus animus ejus immoderata ac
incredibilia sepe faciebat.
This roughly translates as:
DEEDS OF THE CONSULS OF THE ANDEGOVES
ADDITIONAL
OF FULCO RUFO. — He performed deeds
similar to those of his father, or even greater, against his
adversaries. He received back his entire retinue, which had previously
been divided, and did no less there than he had expected; but he waged
serious wars and notable victories against his enemies. For he himself
was bold, patient in hunger, thirst, and wakefulness, but yet burning
with desires, he was a man of many kinds, a pretender and dissembler of
every kind. His vast mind often did immoderate and incredible things.
Ex Chronico Turorensi in Recueil
des historiens des Gaules et de la France vol 9 p47 (1874)
[An.
888.] Tunc etiam obiit Ingelgerius Comes Andegavensis anno Comitatûs XVIII;
cui successit Fulco Rufus filius ejus, qui cum eo apud Autissiodorum
fuerat ad corpus B. Martini evehendum. Huic itaque Fulconi dederat
Hugo Magnus, antequàm moreretur, alium dimidium Comitatûs Andegaviæ,
dum haberet puerum Carolum in tutela. Nec multò pòst Fulco uxorem
duxit filiam cujusdam Galteri, cum qua recepit Leucas, Villentras et
Haiam: de qua posteà genuit Guidonem Episcopum Suessionensem et
Ingelgerium militem formosissimum et famosissimum, qui posteà, in
bello à Normannis occisus fuit, et Fulconem Bonum, qui ei in comitatu
successit.
This roughly translates as:
[Year 888.] Then also died Ingelger, Count of Anjou, in the 18th year of
the Count; who was succeeded by Fulk Rufus, his son, who had been with
him at Autissiodorum to carry the body of St. Martin. And so to Fulk,
Hugh the Great had given, before he died, another half of the County of
Anjou, while he had the boy Charles under his guardianship. Not long
after, Fulk married the daughter of a certain Galter, with whom he
received Leucas, Villentres, and Haim: by whom he afterwards begot Guy,
Bishop of Suez, and Ingelger, a most handsome and famous soldier, who
was afterwards killed in war by the Normans, and Fulk the Good, who
succeeded him in the County.
after 13 August 941.
Both Foulques and his son Foulques witnessed a charter between 13 and 31
August 941, so Foulques was still living on the former date.
in the abbey
of St. Martin, Tours,
county of Touraine
Ex Chronico Turorensi in Recueil
des historiens des Gaules et de la France vol 9 p52 (1874)
[An.
938.] Anno Othonis III et Ludovici Regis II,
erant adhuc Canonici seculares in Ecclesia S. Albini apud Andegavis:
ubi Fulco Rufus Comes Andegavensis Monachos posuit; nec multò pòst
obiit, et in Ecclesia B. Martini Turon. juxta patrem suum sepultus
est: cui successit Fulco Bonus filius ejus.
This roughly translates as:
[Year 938.] In the 3rd year of King Otto and the 2nd of King Louis,
there were still secular canons in the Church of St. Albinus at Anjou:
where Fulk Rufus, Count of Anjou, ordained monks; he died not long
afterwards, and was buried in the Church of St. Martin of Tours, next to
his father: who was succeeded by his son Fulk Good.
- Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers
vol 1 pp203-4 (Bertrand de Broussillon, 1903); Chroniques des comtes d'Anjou pp31-4
(Louis Halphen and René Poupardin, 1913); The
Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (Foulques I
"le Reux")
- Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers
vol 1 pp203-4 (Bertrand de Broussillon, 1903); Chroniques des comtes d'Anjou pp31-4
(Louis Halphen and René Poupardin, 1913); The
Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (Foulques I
"le Reux")
- Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers
vol 1 pp203-4 (Bertrand de Broussillon, 1903); Ex Chronico Turorensi in Recueil
des historiens des Gaules et de la France vol 9 p47
(1874); Chroniques des comtes d'Anjou pp31-4
(Louis Halphen and René Poupardin, 1913); The
Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (Foulques I
"le Reux"); Medieval
Lands (FOULQUES)
- Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers
vol 1 pp203-4 (Bertrand de Broussillon, 1903); Chroniques des comtes d'Anjou pp31-4
(Louis Halphen and René Poupardin, 1913); The
Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (Foulques I
"le Reux"); Medieval
Lands (FOULQUES)
- Chroniques des comtes d'Anjou pp31-4
(Louis Halphen and René Poupardin, 1913); The
Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (Foulques I
"le Reux"); Medieval
Lands (FOULQUES); wikipedia
(Fulk I, Count of Anjou)
- Ex Chronico Turorensi in Recueil
des historiens des Gaules et de la France vol 9 p52
(1874); Chroniques des comtes d'Anjou p34
(Louis Halphen and René Poupardin, 1913); The
Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (Foulques I
"le Reux")
- Ex Chronico Turorensi in Recueil
des historiens des Gaules et de la France vol 9 p52
(1874)
Foulques II "le Bon"
Foulques I
"le Reux"
Roscilla
Roscilla and her parents named in a charter by Foulques I in Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers
vol 1 pp203-4 (Bertrand de Broussillon, 1903)
Gerberge
the sister of Thibaut "le
Tricheur", count of Blois and Chartres.
After the death of duke Alain Barbetorte of Brittany in 952, Foulques
married his widow, a sister of count Thibaut le Tricheur of Blois and
Chartres, obtained the guardianship of his wife's son Drogo, and divided
Brittany with Thibaut into spheres of influence, with Foulques taking the
city of Nantes.
La chronique de Nantes pp107-11 (René
Merlet, 1896)
Namque
Theobaldus,
comes Blesensis, Fulconi,
comiti Andegavensi1, tradens
sororem suam, relictam Alani Barbaetortae ducis, in uxorem, ei
dimisit, quandiu Drogo infans, nepos ejus adultus esset, medietatem
urbis Namneticae et territorii ejus et telonei et omnium
consuetudinum, unde teloneum exigi poterat, ac etiam totius Britanniae
medietatem; et residuam partem Britanniae, quam Juhael Berengarii
comes et Wicohenus archiepiscopus Dolensis, de illo receperunt, in sua
potestate retinuit. Et de expletis, quae inde habuit, Carnoti turrem
et Blesii et Cainonis perfecit. Quam sororem ejusdem Theobaldi Fulco
comes in uxorem ducens, ac Drogonem, infantem parvulum, in custodîa
sua ad nutriendum accipiens usque ad XV arinos, eosdem matrem et
filium deduxit Andegavum, mittensque postmodum servos suos ad res
Namneticae civitatis sibi datas recipiendas, eis praecepit ut omnia
sibi apud Andegavum afferrent. Quadam autem die, dum Fulco comes in
aula sua Andegavis jocaretur ad tabulas, tres sacculos, denariis
plenos, sibi attulerunt. Qui vero haec prospiciens, in corde suo valde
miratus fuit, et dixit cunctis ibi astantibus, quod nullus vir in toto
Francorum regno tam dives et potens erat, sicut ille qui urbem
Namneticam possidere valebat. Accedensque, cupiditate pessima ductus,
ad nutricem, quae Drogonem puerum nutriebat, indicit ei ut illum
occideret, magna illi promittens munera, et, si non faceret, nunquam
viva evaderet. Quo audito, nutrix valde turbata el omnino anxia fuit
quid de tanta crudelitate facere posset. Tandem minis tyranni
perterrita, ab illo quaesivit quomodo hoc scelus perpetraret. Ipse
vero eam docuit ut, quando Drogonis balneum temperaret, frigidum
faceret, habensque in patella, supra ignem posita, aquam validissime
calidam, illi in aqua frigida balneanti super caput infunderet; et,
quum mater ejus, valde intenta ad eum observandum et timida semper ne
eidem filio aliquod impedimentum eveniret, vagitus ejus audiret, mox
accurreret, requirens quid infans haberet, tangensque balneum,
frigidum inveniret; sicque sine culpa hoc facinus perficere posset.
His autem nutrix nefandis auditis, fecit sicut comes, vir diabolicus,
docuerat, et sic furtive tali ingenio Drogo infans interfectus est,
quem mater ejus valde graviter deplorans, semper in corde suo
maestitia retinuit1.
1. Foulques le Bon, comte d Angers de 942 à 968. — La partie de
la Bretagne, sur laquelle Foulques exerça sa domination comme tuteur
du jeune Drogon, comprenait le comté de Nantes el peut-être celui de
Vannes; les comtes d’Angers, successeurs de Foulques, revendiquèrent
jusqu’au XIe siècle le droit de suzeraineté
sur le pays de Nantes et sur celui de Mauge qui en dépendait.
1. La légende de la mort de Drogon n’est guère admissible. Foulques
d’Angers ne pouvait trouver aucun avantage à faire disparaître son
pupille. Ce qui est certain, c’est que Drogon mourut à Angers, vers
l’an 958, avant d’avoir atteint sa quinzième année. Cette mort le
l’héritier légitime de la Bretagne fut la cause première d’une lutte
longue et sanglante entre les Normands et les Bretons. Voir à ce
sujet, R. Merlet, Origines du monastère de Saint-Magloire de Paris,
mém. cité.
This roughly translates as:
For Theobald, count of Blois, gave his sister, who had been left by duke
Alan Barbateurt, to Fulk, count of Anjou, in marriage, and left to him,
as long as Drogo, his grandson, was an infant, half of the city of
Nantes and its territory, and the toll and all the customs from which
toll could be exacted, and also half of all Brittany; and he retained in
his own power the remaining part of Brittany, which count Juhael
Berengaria and Archbishop Wicohen of Dol received from him. And from the
proceeds which he had from it, he completed the tower of Carnot and of
Blois and of Caen. Which sister of the same Theobald, count Fulcon took
in marriage, and took Drogo, a small infant, into his custody to be
brought up until fifteen years old, he brought the same mother and son
to Anjou, and afterwards sent his servants to receive the things of the
city of Nantes which had been given to him, and ordered them to bring
everything to him at Anjou. One day, while count Fulk was playing at the
tables in his court at Anjou, they brought him three bags full of money.
But he, seeing this, was greatly astonished in his heart, and said to
all who were present that no man in the whole kingdom of the Franks was
so rich and powerful as he who was able to possess the city of Nantes.
And going up, led by a most wicked desire, he ordered the nurse who was
nursing the child Drogo to kill him, promising her great gifts, and that
if she did not do so, she would never escape alive. Hearing this, the
nurse was greatly troubled and completely anxious as to what she could
do about such cruelty. Finally, terrified by the tyrant's threats, she
asked him how she could commit this crime. He himself taught her that
when she was preparing Drogo's bath, she should make it cold, and having
very hot water in a pan placed over the fire, she should pour it over
his head as he was bathing in cold water; and when his mother, very
intent on watching him and always fearful lest any obstacle should
befall her son, heard his cries, she immediately ran to ask what the
child had, and touching the bath, found it cold; and thus she could have
accomplished this deed without guilt. But the nurse, hearing these
wicked things, did as the count, the devilish man, had instructed, and
so the child Drogo was secretly killed by such a cunning, whom his
mother, lamenting very gravely, always retained in her heart a sorrow.
1.
Foulques the Good, count of Angers from 942 to 968. — The part of
Brittany over which Foulques exercised his domination as tutor of the
young Drogon, included the county of Nantes and perhaps that of Vannes;
the counts of Angers, successors of Foulques, claimed until the 11th
century the right of suzerainty over the country of Nantes and that of
Mauge which depended on it.
1. The legend of Drogo's death is hardly admissible. Fulk of
Angers could find no advantage in making his ward disappear. What is
certain is that Drogo died in Angers, around the year 958, before
reaching his fifteenth year. This death of the legitimate heir to
Brittany was the primary cause of a long and bloody struggle between the
Normans and the Bretons. See on this subject, R. Merlet, Origines du
moine de Saint-Magloire de Paris, op. cit.
Count of Anjou
Chroniques des comtes d'Anjou pp34-7 (Louis
Halphen and René Poupardin, 1913)
GESTA CONSULUM ANDEGAVORUM
DE FULCONE COGNOMENTOBONO
Post hec mortuo Fulcone Rufo4, al ter Fulco, filius ejus
junior, qui cognominatus est Bonus, successit. Nam tres filios
habuisse legitur: Guidonem episcopum, Ingelgerium istumque Fulconem.
Iste fuit pacifici et tranquilli et mitis ingenii. Optimus
ista sua benefacta laudari quam aliorum ipse narrare malebat; boni
ipsius mores domi et militie colebantur; jus bonum, concordia
maxima, minima avaritia in ipso erat. Nulla bclla
gessit, quia jam sua etate pax facta cum Normannis erat.
… Illis temporibus, totius bonitatis amator Fulco secundus in pace
degebat. Qui ecclesiastici decoris et religionis studiis delectabatur.
Ecclesie Dei cultum et honorificum decorem diligens, ex suo proprio
plures augmentabat. Enimvero erga ecclesiam beati Martini specialem
amorem et reverentiam gerebat. Unde, in monasterio ejus aput Turonos
collegio fratrum asscriptus, canonicus ibidem esse et dici gaudebat;
in festis etiam ejusdem sancti in choro inter psallentes clericos cum
veste clericali et sub disciplina ipsorum astabat. Illuc cum pergere
ad certas per annum sollempnitates celebrandas disponeret, copiosum et
divitem apparatum expensarum sollicite premittebat; hospitabatur aput
mediocrem aliquem ex clericis et domum illam ubi mansurus esset magno
ornamentorum cultu venustare secundum consuetum morem semper faciebat:
hoc autem eo consilio ut in discessu suo hospes ille, quamvis antea
tenuis, ex rerum reliquiis sibi prorsus dimissis ditatus remaneret,
quod ita de non paucis eum actitisse compertum est. Qualicumque vero
ex parte Turono propinquans illud monasterium prospicere potuisset,
mox equo desiliens et ibidem humili prostratus cum devotione orabat,
veniam delictorum suorum sibi per intercessionem sancti confessoris
expostulans1.
Ejus autem tempore, pago Andegavensi, sicut supradictum est,
pacis quiete divinitus concessa, idem comes urbem et territorium
illud, ecclesias quoque reparare satagens, agriculture et animalium
nutriture operam dabat, ipse etiam cupiens et alios suo exemplo
incitans inopiam preteritorum temporum, quam hostilitates diutine
invexerant, habundanti opulentia bonorum terre recompensare. Tunc vero
multi ex extraneis diversisque regionibus circumpositis incole in
pagum istum commigrarunt, tam clementi bonitate principis quam
ubertate glebe huc evocati. Namque terra ista, per diutinam
solitudinem sui et cessationem culture pinguefacta, mirabili lune
fertilitate fructuum et bonorum omnium resplendebat et respondebat;
silvarum incrementis pleraque sui parte vestita, eas incidentibus et
concid[ent]ibus colonis ipsis locis utentibus facili labore
satisfaciebat.
4. Foulque le Roux mourut en 941 ou 942. Voir L. Halphen, Le
comté d'Anjou au XIe siècle, p. 4.
1. Foulque le Bon mourut vers l’an 960. Voir L. Halphen, Le
comté d'Anjou au XIe siècle, p. 6.
This roughly translates as:
THE DEEDS OF THE CONSULS OF THE ANDEGOVES
OF FULCO SURNAMED BONO
After Fulco Rufus died4, his younger son, who was
surnamed Bono, succeeded him. For it is read that he had three sons:
Guido, bishop, Ingelgerius, and this Fulco. The latter was of a peaceful
and tranquil disposition, and of a mild disposition. He preferred to
have his good deeds praised rather than to recount them himself; his
good manners were respected at home and in the army; he had good law,
the greatest concord, and the least avarice. He waged no war, because by
his age peace had already been made with the Normans.
… In those times, Fulco the Second, a lover of all goodness, lived in
peace. He delighted in ecclesiastical decorum and religious studies.
Loving the worship and honorable decorum of the Church of God, he
increased many of them from his own. Indeed, he had a special love and
reverence for the church of blessed Martin. Hence, having been enrolled
in the college of brothers in his monastery near Tours, he was glad to
be and to be called a canon there; On the feasts of the same saint he
also stood in the choir among the psalmists, in clerical attire and
under their discipline. When he was going there to celebrate certain
solemnities during the year, he carefully prepared a copious and rich
provision for his expenses; he would entertain some mediocre cleric and,
according to his usual custom, he always made the house where he was to
stay beautify with great adornment: this, however, with the intention
that on his departure that guest, although previously poor, would remain
enriched from the remains of the things left to him, which is known to
have happened to not a few people. But from whatever side he could see
that monastery, approaching Turon, he immediately dismounted from his
horse and there, humbly prostrated himself, prayed with devotion, asking
for forgiveness of his sins through the intercession of the holy
confessor1.
But in his time, in the village of Anjou, as has been said above,
the peace and quiet granted by God, the same count, striving to repair
that city and territory, as well as the churches, worked at agriculture
and the feeding of animals, also desiring himself and inspiring others
by his example to compensate for the poverty of past times, which
hostilities had long brought, with the abundant wealth of the land's
goods. Then, indeed, many inhabitants from foreign and diverse
surrounding regions migrated to that village, drawn here both by the
clement goodness of the prince and by the fertility of the soil. For
that land, fattened by its long solitude and cessation of cultivation,
shone and responded to the moon with a wonderful fertility of fruits and
all goods; most of it was clothed with the growth of forests, which it
satisfied with easy labor as the settlers who came and went, who used
the places themselves.
4. Fulk the Red died in 941 or 942. See L. Halphen, Le comté
d'Anjou au XIe siècle, p. 4.
1. Fulk the Good died around the year 960. See L. Halphen, Le
comté d'Anjou au XIe siècle, p. 6.
p167
GESTA CONSULUM ANDEGAVORUM
ADDITAMENTA
DE FULCONE PIO. — Ista fuit pacifici,
tranquilli et mitis ingenii. Optimus iste sua beneficia laudari quam
ipse alioram narrare malebat; boni ipsius mores domi et militie
colebantur; jus bonum, concordia maxima, nulla avaritia in illo
erat. Ipse Christum portavit, in specie leprosi, a Portu
Cuurdonis usque in porticum beati Martini Castri Novi. Iste cum in
choro beati Martini esset ut canonicus, ut caneret cum ceteris, regi
Francie, qui tune forte aderat et eum cum suis commilitonibus
deludebat. litteras hujusmodi formam habentes misit : «
Regi Francoriim cornes Andegavorum. Noveritis, domine, quia rex
illiteratus est asinus coronatus. »
This roughly translates as:
DEEDS OF THE CONSULS OF THE ANDEGOVES
ADDITIONAL
OF FULCO PIO — He was of a peaceful,
tranquil, and gentle disposition. He was the best of men, and preferred
his own merits to be praised, which he himself preferred to tell; his
good morals were respected at home and in the army; he had good law,
great concord, and no avarice. He himself carried Christ, in the guise
of a leper, from the Port of Cuurdon to the portico of Saint Martin of
Castel Nuovo. When he was in the choir of Saint Martin as a canon, to
sing with the others, he sent a letter to the king of France, who
happened to be present at the time and was deceiving him with his fellow
soldiers, in the following form: "To the king of France, the horns of
Anjou. Know, my lord, that an illiterate king is a crowned ass."
958, in the abbey
of St. Martin, Tours,
county of Touraine
Ex Chronico Turorensi in Recueil
des historiens des Gaules et de la France vol 9 p53 (1874)
[An.
958.] Anno Othonis XXI et Lotharii Regis Francorum II,
Fulco Bonus Comes Andegavensis ad festum B. Martini veniens, in portu
de Cordum super fluvium Carum leprosum horribilem invenit, qui rauca
voce singultuoso gemitu Comiti supplicavit ut eum in gremio suo per
aquam transferret usque ad Ecclesiam B. Martini, quia tot et tantis
ulceribus plenus erat, quòd nihil incommodi sustinere poterat. Quo
audito, Comes eum leviter in gremium recipiens, aquam intrat… leprosum
usque ad B. Martini Ecclesiam deportavit… Cumque in crastinum in Choro
B. Martini Missam Dominicam audisset, et de manu Archiepiscopi accepta
Eucharistia, in sede sua, quæ nunc Decani dicitur, resedisset,
spiritum exhalavit anno Ducatûs XVIII, et in Ecclesia
B. Martini Turon. sepullus est: cui successit Gaufridus Grisa-tunica.
Alios autem duos filios habebat, Guidonem et Drogonem, qui fuerunt
successivè Episcopi Ecclesiæ Podiensis…
This roughly translates as:
[An. 958.] In the 21st year of Otto and the 2nd year of Lothair, King of
the Franks, Fulk the Good, Count of Anjou, coming to the feast of St.
Martin, found a horrible leper in the port of Cordum on the river Carus,
who with a hoarse voice and sobbing groans begged the Count to carry him
on his lap through the water to the Church of St. Martin, because he was
full of so many and such sores that he could not bear any inconvenience.
Hearing this, the Count lightly took him on his lap, entered the water…
carried the leper to the Church of St. Martin… And when on the next day
he had heard Sunday Mass in the Choir of St. Martin, and had received
the Eucharist from the hand of the Archbishop, he had sat down in his
seat, which is now called the Dean’s, he breathed his last in the 18th
year of the Duchy, and was buried in the Church of St. Martin in Tours:
he was succeeded by Geoffrey the Grey-robed. He had two other sons,
Guido and Drogon, who were successively Bishops of the Church of Podi...
in the abbey
of St. Martin, Tours,
county of Touraine
- Chroniques des comtes d'Anjou pp34-7
(Louis Halphen and René Poupardin, 1913); The
Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (Foulques II
"le Bon"); wikipedia
(Fulk II, Count of Anjou)
- The
Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (Foulques II
"le Bon"); wikipedia
(Fulk II, Count of Anjou)
- The
Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (Foulques II
"le Bon"); Medieval
Lands (FOULQUES d'Anjou); wikipedia
(Fulk II, Count of Anjou)
- La chronique de Nantes pp107-8 (René
Merlet, 1896); The
Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (Foulques II
"le Bon"); Medieval
Lands (FOULQUES d'Anjou); wikipedia
(Fulk II, Count of Anjou); 2nd wife details from La chronique de Nantes pp107-11 (René
Merlet, 1896) and The
Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (Foulques II
"le Bon")
- Chroniques des comtes d'Anjou pp34-7
(Louis Halphen and René Poupardin, 1913); The
Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (Foulques II
"le Bon")
- Chroniques des comtes d'Anjou pp34-7
(Louis Halphen and René Poupardin, 1913); The
Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (Foulques II
"le Bon"); Medieval
Lands (FOULQUES d'Anjou); wikipedia
(Fulk II, Count of Anjou)
- Ex Chronico Turorensi in Recueil
des historiens des Gaules et de la France vol 9 p53
(1874); The
Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (Foulques II
"le Bon")
- Ex Chronico Turorensi in Recueil
des historiens des Gaules et de la France vol 9 p53
(1874)
Geoffroy "Grisegonelle"
Foulques II "le
Bon"
Gerberge
Geoffroy names his parents in a charter, dated 966, concerning the abbey of
St Aubin.
Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers
vol 1 pp4-6 (Bertrand de Broussillon, 1903)
II.
(A. 2.) — 966, 19 juin
>… Carta Gaufridi Andecavensis comitis cui Grisea Gunnella cognomen
fuit, de canonicis ejectis in monasterio Sancti Albini et monachili
regula imposita et Widboldo abbate primo instituto.
… Illud notum esse volumus omnibus sanctæ Dei ecclesiæ fidelibus, quia
in hac re bonam operandi a Deo percipientes voluntatem, statuimus in
primis, pro remedio animæ senioris nostri domni Hugonis, præsentis
Francorum ducis, seu pro patris matrisque ejus animæ itidem
redemptione, necnon causa adjutorii animæ patris mei Fulconis, matris
quoque meæ Gerbergæ, in prædicto cœnobio Sancti Albini monachilis
ordinis perfectionem, eliminata, quæ in eodem loco non dominicis
hactenus, sed suis secularibus vacaverit lucris, canonicali
congregatione.
This roughly translates as:
II. (A. 2.) — 966, 19 June
… Charter of Geoffrey, count of Andecavès, surnamed Grisea Gunnella,
concerning the canons expelled from the monastery of Saint Albinus and
the imposition of a monastic rule and instituted by Widbold, the first
abbot.
… We wish this to be known to all the faithful of the holy church of
God, because in this matter, having received from God the will to work
well, we have decided, first of all, for the relief of the soul of our
elder lord Hugh, the present duke of the Franks, or for the redemption
of the souls of his father and mother, and also for the cause of the
assistance of the souls of my father Fulk, and also of my mother
Gerberga, to abolish the perfection of the monastic order in the
aforesaid monastery of Saint Albinus, which has not hitherto been
occupied in the same place by the Lords, but by its secular profits, by
a canonical congregation.
Adèle de Troyes
See ANNALES
SANCTI ALBIiNI ANDEGAVENSIS pp1-2 for her donation to Saint Albinus
Adelais
Adelais was married firstly to Lambert, count of Chalon, with whom she had a
son, Hugues, and a daughter, Mathilde. Adelais and Geoffrey appeared as
witnesses ("S. Gauzfredi, comitis. S.
Adaleidis, comitissa") in a charter dated 18 October 984 (Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Cluny vol 2
p724 #1710 (Alexandre Bruel, 1876)). She survived both her husbands.
Count of Anjou,
succeeding his father sometime between September 958 and September 960, when
he signed a donation to the monastery of Saint-Florent de Saumur as
"Gausfredi comitis" (Histoire du comté du Maine p162 (Robert
Latouche, 1910)).
Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Cluny vol 2
pp528-9 #1474 (Alexandre Bruel, 1876)
1474.
CHARTA QUA GAUSFREDUS COMES UXORQUE EJUS ADELEIDIS ET HUGO,
LAMBERTI COMITIS FILIUS, DANT MONASTERIO CLUNIACENSI VINEAS SITAS IN
FINE JEMULACENSI.
[Bibl. nat. or. 53; cop. 13-86; A. m. 403,
CCCCXXXIV].
[979, mars] Mundi termino appropinquante, ruinis
crebrescentibus, jam certe signa manifestantur. Idcirco ego
Gausfredus, comes, atque uxor mea Adeleidis, atque Hugo, filius
Lanberti2 comitis, donamus Deo et sanctis apostolis ejus
Petro et Paulo, et ad locum Cluniacum, cui preest domnus Maiolus abba,
pro remedio animarum nostrarum, quasdam res nostras quæ nobis
obvenerunt ex parte Aganonis3 levitæ; et sunt ipsæ res sitæ
in pago Cabilonensi, in fine Jemulacense, ubi a Fusciaco vocatur: hoc
sunt vineæ quas de Hebreis adquisivit ipse Aganus; et est ipsa vinea
quam Teudbaldus plantavit atque ædificavit, et alia vinea simul
tenente, et terminant de uno latus terra Sancti Petri, et de alio
latus Bonæfîliæ, et ad heredes Vulberti, et de superiori fronte terra
Sancti Petri, et de subteriori via publica. Alia quoque vinea terminat
de uno latere terra Bonæfiliæ, et de alio latere terra Aynonis et
Jodzeldis, de superiori vero fronte terra Sancti Petri, et de
subteriore terra Hebreorum. Alia vero vinea quæ in Pradilis vocat,
terminat de uno latere terra Sancti Petri, et de alio latere terra
Sismundi et fratris ejus, de superiori fronte Aynonis et Jodzeldis, et
de subteriori terra Ainonis et Jodzeldis ac Sancti Petri. Donamus
etiam et alias duas vineas quas Ingelgarius, presbiter, Aynoni
contulit, que sunt in ipso loco sitȩ. Iterum etiam donamus aliam
vineam quæ est in ipso loco sita Grandis Camera, raxiam unam, et
terminat de uno latere terra Sancti Petri, et de alio similiter Sancti
Petri et Emmonis, de superiori etiam fronte ipsius Emmonis, et de
subteriori Sismundi et fratris ejus. Istas res denominatas atque
suprascriptas donamus, sicut jam diximus, ad prefatum locum, pro
remedio animarum nostrarum atque ipsius Aynonis, qui nobis has res
contulit; et volumus insuper ut heȩ res seniper sint in alimonia
fratrum Cluniensium, ut semper omnibus diebus habeant rationem pro
nobis preces effundere et pauperes pro nobis recreare. Si quis vero,
nos ipsi, aut ulla intromissa persona, contra hanc donationem venerit,
iram Dei omnpotentis incurrat et sanctorum apostolorum, nisi
emendaverit; cogente etiam potestate, auri libras v persolvat, et
inantea firma et stabilis permaneat, stipulatione subnixa. Actum
Cluniaco publice. Signuni Gausfredi1, comitis, et uxoris
ejus Adaleidis et Hugonis, fiiii ejus, qui fieri et firmare
rogaverunt. Signuni Heldradi. Signum Odulgarii. Signum Sulpicii.
Signum Dimonis. Signum Rodberti. Signum Vualterii, Signum Marchoardi.
Signum Hugonis. Data mense martio, anno XXXIIII
Hlotharii regis. Vuarnerius, ad vicem cancellarii, recognovit.
(Au dos:) Gaidfredi comitis, in pago Cabilonensis, de
vineis.
2 Dans les signatures, Hugues figure après
Adélaïde, et il est dit filius ejus (Adaleidis). Il élait, en
effet, fils d’Adélaïde et de Lambert, après la mort duquel Adélaïde
avait convolé avec Gausfred ou Geoffroi, auquel elle porta le comté de
Chalon.
1 Il y a ici une croix autographe
This roughly translates as:
1474.
A CHARTER BY WHICH COUNT GAUSFRED AND HIS WIFE ADELAIDE AND HUGO,
SON OF COUNT LAMBERT, GIVE TO THE MONASTERY OF CLUNY THE VINEYARDS
SITUATED AT THE END OF JEMULAC.
[Bibl. nat. or. 53; cop. 13-86; A. m. 403, 334].
[979, March] As the end of the world approaches, and ruins are
increasing, signs are certainly now manifesting themselves. Therefore I,
count Gausfred, and my wife Adelaide, and Hugh, son of count Lambert2,
give to God and to his holy apostles Peter and Paul, and to the place of
Cluny, where the lord Abbot Maiolus presides, for the healing of our
souls, certain of our possessions which have come to us from the side of
Agano; and the things themselves are situated in the village of Cabilon,
at the end of Jemulacense, where it is called by Fusciacus: these are
the vineyards which Aganus himself acquired from the Hebrews; and there
is the vineyard itself which Theudbald planted and built, and another
vineyard which he holds at the same time, and they border on one side
the land of Saint Peter, and on the other side the land of Bonafilia,
and on the heirs of Vulbert, and on the upper front the land of Saint
Peter, and on the lower the public road. Another vineyard also borders
on one side the land of Bonafilia, and on the other side the land of
Aynon and Jozzeldi, on the upper front the land of Saint Peter, and on
the lower the land of the Hebrews. Yet another vineyard which he calls
Pradilis, borders on one side the land of Saint Peter, and on the other
side the land of Sismund and his brother, on the upper front the land of
Aynon and Jozzeldi, and on the lower the land of Aynon and Jozzeldi and
Saint Peter. We also give two other vineyards which Ingelgar, the
presbyter, gave to Aynoni, which are in the same place. Again we also
give another vineyard which is in the same place, the Grand Chamber, one
raxia, and which is bounded on one side by the land of Saint Peter, and
on the other likewise by Saint Peter and Emmon, on the upper front also
by Emmon himself, and on the lower by Sismund and his brother. We give
these things named and written above, as we have already said, to the
aforesaid place, for the remedy of our souls and of Aynoni himself, who
gave us these things; and we desire moreover that these things shall
always be in the maintenance of the brothers of Cluniac, that they may
always have reason to pour out prayers for us and to refresh the poor
for us. But if anyone, ourselves or any other person who interferes,
comes against this donation, let him incur the wrath of Almighty God and
the holy apostles, unless he amends; by coercive power also, he pays
five pounds of gold, and it remains firm and stable in advance,
supported by a stipulation. Act of Cluniac public. Sign of Gausfred1,
count, and his wife Adaleide and Hugh, his sons, who asked to be made
and confirmed. Sign of Heldra. Sign of Odulgar. Sign of Sulpicius. Sign
of Dimon. Sign of Rodbert. Sign of Walter, Sign of Marchoard. Sign of
Hugh. Dated in the month of March, in the 34th year of King
Lothair. Vuarner, in the place of the chancellor, acknowledged.
(On the back:) Count Gaidfred, in the village of
Cabilonensis, of the vineyards.
2 In the signatures, Hugh appears after Adelaide, and
he is said to be filius ejus (Adaleidis). He was, in fact, the
son of Adelaide and Lambert, after whose death Adelaide had married
Gausfred or Geoffroi, to whom she brought the county of Chalon.
1 There is an autograph cross here
Chroniques des comtes d'Anjou p167 (Louis
Halphen and René Poupardin, 1913)
GESTA CONSULUM ANDEGAVORUM
ADDITAMENTA
DE GAUFRIDO GRISA TUNICA. — Iste, militie
peritus, pectore et brachio vir jure militario efficacissimus, in
multis expeditionibus approbatus fuit. Strenuitas in eo
specialiter prefulgebat, clementia in eo florebat, dapsilitatem
unice diligebat, hostibus hostiliter inimicabatur, suis viriliter
patrocinabatur, que oninia precipue optimos principes decent. Qui ob
insignia summi et singularis meriti a rege in preliis signifer et in
coronatione regum dapifer tam ipse quam ejus heredes constituuntur.
This roughly translates as:
DEEDS OF THE CONSULS OF THE ANDEGOVES
ADDITIONAL
OF GAUFRID THE GREY TUNIC. — This man, an
expert in military affairs, a man of great military skill and power,
was approved in many expeditions. Vigor shone especially
brightly in him, clemency flourished in him, he loved generosity
alone, he was hostile to his enemies, and manfully patronized his own,
which are all things especially befitting the best of princes. Who,
because of the insignia of his supreme and singular merit, is
appointed by the king as standard bearer in battles and as a dapifer
at the coronation of kings, both he and his heirs.
p233
FRAGMENTUM HISTORIÆ ANDEGAVENSIS
… Ille igitur Gosfridus Grisa Gonella, pater avi mei Fulconis, cujus
probitates enumerare non possumus, excussit Lausdunum de manu
Pictavensis comitis2 et in prelio campestri superavit eum
super Rupes et persecutus est eum usque ad Mirebellum. Et fugavit
Britones, qui venerant Andegavim cum predatorio exercitu, quorum duces
erant filii Conani. Et postea fuit cum duce Hugone in obsidione apud
Marsonum, ubi arripuit eum infirmitas qua expiravit; et corpus illius
allatum est Turonum et sepultum in ecclesia beati Martini.
2. Cet établissement de Geoffroi Grisegonelle à Loudun est
confirmé par Adémar de Chabannes (Chron., III, 37, éd.
Chavanon, p. 152), bien que le chroniqueur poitevin parle seulement
d’une concession en fief accordée par Guillaume Fièrebrace au comte
d’Anjou.
This roughly translates as:
A FRAGMENT OF THE HISTORY OF ANGEVINS
… That Geoffrey the Grey Cloak, father of my grandfather Fulk, whose
probities we cannot enumerate, wrested Loudun from the hand of the count
of Poitou and defeated him in a field battle above Rupes and pursued him
as far as Mirabellum. And he put to flight the Bretons, who had come to
Angevin with a predatory army, whose leaders were the sons of Conan. And
afterwards he was with duke Hugh at the siege of Marson, where he was
seized with an infirmity from which he expired; and his body was brought
to Tours and buried in the church of St. Martin.
2. This establishment of Geoffroi Grisegonelle in Loudun is
confirmed by Adémar de Chabannes (Chron., III, 37, ed. Chavanon, p.
152), although the Poitevin chronicler only speaks of a concession in
fief granted by Guillaume Fièrebrace to the Count of Anjou.
pp239-41
DE MAJORATU ET SENESCALCIA FRANCIAE
HOC SCRIPTUM FECIT FULCO COMES JEROSOLIMITANUS,
IN ECCLESIA SEPULCHRI DE LOCHIS CUM
MAGNA SEPULTUS HONORIFICENTIA, DE DONIS FACTIS SUIS ANTECESSORIBUS A
REGE FRANCIE.
Cum Deus voluit sublimare Rotbertum, fîlium ducis, in regem,
Gaufridus Grisa Gonella cum tribus millibus armatorum serviebat domino
suo regi Rotberto. Otho siquidem rex Alemannorum cum universis copiis
suis Saxonum et Danorum Montem Morentiaci obsederat et urbi Parisius
multos assultus ignominiose faciebat. In hac necessitate prelii, rex
Rotbertus et pater suus ducatum prime cohortis predicto comiti
Gaufrido Grisa Gonella tradidit et ad persequendum exercitum
Alemannorum ducem et consiliarium constituit.
Persecutus est itaque rex Rotbertus regem Alemannicum, preeunte
Gaufrido Grisa Gonella, usque ad flumen Esne; comes vero Gaufridus,
gnarus pugnandi et assuetus, tantam stragem hostium super fluvium
dederat ante regis Rotberti adventum, quod stagnum putares, non
fluvium. Alemannis itaque fugatis, rex Rotbertus, congregato generali
concilio, consilio patris sui et episcoporum, comitum, baronum, dedit
Gaufrido comiti quicquid rex Lotharius in episcopatibus suis,
Andegavis scilicet et Cenomannis, habuerat; si que vero alia ipse vel
successores sui adquirere possent, eadem libertate quam ipse tenebat
sibi commendavit1.
Nequitia comitis Tricacensis non potuit sustinere prosperitatem
regis, sed ad ejus deprimendam perfidiam quam majorem potuit exercitum
rex congregavit. Obsedit itaque Meludunum; et cum ibi diu sedisset,
vidit quod nihil proficeret. Vocato itaque Gaufrido Grisa Gonella, cum
Andegavensibus suis sine mora ad consuetum properavit obsequium.
Gaufridus autem veniens premisit constabularios suos, rogans ut
ostenderetur ei qua parte sederet. Illi vero reversi nuntiaverunt
domino suo quod tantus erat exercitus quod nullus erat eis ad
obsidendum compeiens locus. Predictum enim oppidum in insula Secane
situm erat, circumdatum undique muro calce et harena composito.
Videntes itaque Andegavi quod nullum poterant habere hospitium,
induunt arma, per medium exercitum transeunt fluctus Secane, dant
assultum oppido virtute consueta, capiunt castrum. Quod exercitus non
potuit per tres menses, isti dimidie diei spatio adepti sunt. Franci
vero, hujus gentis inauditam admirantes audaciam, ubicumque locorum
ipsos omni laude magnificabant2.
Videns autem rex tantam principis strenuitatem et ipsum
prevalere in regno tam armis quam consilio et quia hic et alibi bene
merueiat, sibi et successoribus suis jure hereditario majoratum regni1
et regie domus dapiferatum, cunctis applaudentibus et laudantibus,
exinde constituit.
Hec verba dixit Fulco comes Tescelino capellano suo: «Audi,
presbiter, cujusmodi obsequium prestitit comes Gaufridus Grisa Gonella
domino regi Rotberto. David comes Cenomannicus et Gaufridus comes
Corbonensis dedignabantur recipere feodum suum a predicto rege,
asserentes nullo modo se posse subici generi Burgundionum. Audiens
autem rex eorum superbiam et vidcns regni sui non parvam diminutionem,
habito consilio cum Gaufrido comite et cum primatibus regni, tempore
constituto et die denominato, decrevit obsidere castrum Moritonie.
Comes vero Gaufridus prenoscens adventum exercitus regis, movens
castra de Vindocino, dans assultum predicto castre virtute consueta et
probitate gentis sue, Gaufridum comitem et oppidanos suos minus
timentes cepit et domino suo regi tradidit vel reddidit. David vero
comes, dedignans ad colloquium regis venire, mandavit quod nullo modo
se ei subiceret et quod nullo tempore rex Rotbertus Cenomannicam suam
videre presumeret. Audiens autem rex arrogantiam et indignationem
predicti comitis, ipsum David et Cenomannicam suam Gaufrido Grisa
Gonella et suis successoribus ex dono regio tribuit jure possidendam2.»
— HUC USQUE SUNT SCRIPTA FULCONIS JEROSOLIMITANI.
1. Sans nous arrêter aux multiples anachronismes dont ce récit
est parsemé, disons seulement qu’il convient de le rapprocher du
chapitre consacré à Geoffroi Grisegonelle dans les Gesta consulum
Andegavorum, ci-dessus, p. 38-44, et notons qu’on y retrouve,
avec certaines précisions nouvelles, l’écho des mêmes légendes
d'allure épique que nous avons signalées, p. 38, n. 1.
2. Le siège de Melun se place en réalité au temps de Hugue
Capet, en 991, et ce texte est le seul qui parle à ce propos d’une
intervention des Angevins. Le récit qu’il présente ne s’accorde, en
outre, qu’assez mal avec ce que nous savons par ailleurs de cet
événement (cf. Lot, Etudes sur le règne de Hugues Capet, p.
160-161). Il est évident qu’il a été imaginé de toutes pièces pour
justifier la prétendue donation faite à Geoffroi Grisegonelle des
droits du roi sur les évêchés d’Angers et du Mans.
1. On sait qu’au temps des premiers Capétiens les charges de
sénéchal et de maire du palais étaient unies. Voir A. Luchaire, Histoire
des institutions monarchiques de la France sous les premiers
Capétiens, 2e éd., t. I, p. 178, et Du Gange, Glossarium,
au mot « major », éd. Didot, t. IV, p. 192, col. 1.
2. Encore un récit fabuleux, dont le but est évidemment de
faire remonter au temps de Geoffroi Grisegonelle les droits des comtes
d’Anjou sur le Maine. Le comte David n’a pas plus existé que le comte
de Corbonnais Geoffroi. Cf. Latouche, Histoire du comté du Maine
pendant le Xe et le XIe siècle (Paris, 1910,
in-8o), p. 110.
This roughly translates as:
ON THE MAJORITY AND SENESCALITY OF FRANCE
THIS WRITING WAS WRITTEN BY FULCO, COUNT
OF JERUSALEM, IN THE CHURCH OF THE SEPULCHER
OF LOCHIS WITH GREAT HONOR OF BURIAL, ABOUT THE GIFTS
MADE TO HIS PRECEDERS BY THE KING OF FRANCE.
When God wished to exalt Robert, the son of the duke, to the
position of king, Geoffrey the Grey Cloak served his lord, king Robert,
with three thousand armed men. For Otho, king of the Alemanni, with all
his forces of the Saxons and Danes, had besieged the mountain of
Morentiacus, and was making many ignominious assaults on the city of
Paris. In this necessity of battle, king Robert and his father handed
over the command of the first cohort to the aforesaid count Geoffrey the
Grey Cloak, and appointed him as his leader and advisor to pursue the
army of the Alemanni.
So king Robert pursued the Alemanni king, with Geoffrey the Grey
Cloak in front, as far as the river Esne; count Geoffrey, however, who
was skilled in fighting and accustomed to it, had inflicted such a great
slaughter on the enemy on the river before the arrival of king Robert,
that you would have thought it was a pond, not a river. So the Alemanni
were put to flight, king Robert, having assembled a general council,
with the advice of his father and the bishops, counts, and barons, gave
count Geoffrey whatever king Lothair had had in his bishoprics, namely
Anjou and Maine; but if he or his successors could acquire anything
else, he entrusted to himself the same liberty which he himself held1.
The wickedness of the count of Tricac could not withstand the
king's prosperity, but to suppress his treachery the king gathered as
large an army as he could. So he besieged Meludun; and when he had sat
there a long time, he saw that he was making no progress. So, having
been summoned, Geoffrey the Grey Cloak hurried without delay to his
customary service with his Anjou men. But Geoffrey, coming, put his
constables first, asking that he be shown on which side he should sit.
But they returned and reported to their lord that the army was so great
that there was no suitable place for them to besiege. For the
aforementioned town was situated on the island of Secane, surrounded on
all sides by a wall made of lime and sand. Therefore, seeing that they
could have no shelter, the Angevins put on arms, crossed the waves of
Secane through the middle of the army, attacked the town with their
usual valor, and captured the castle. What the army could not do for
three months, they achieved in half a day. But the French, admiring the
unprecedented audacity of this nation, wherever they went, they
magnified them with all praise2.
But the king, seeing such great ardor of the prince, and that he
prevailed in the kingdom both in arms and in counsel, and because he
deserved well here and elsewhere, he immediately established for himself
and his successors a hereditary majority of the kingdom1 and
the royal house, with the applause and praise of all.
Count Fulk said these words to his chaplain Tescelin: "Listen,
presbyter, what kind of service count Geoffrey the Grey Cloak has
rendered to my lord king Robert. Count David of Maine and count Geoffrey
of Corbon disdained to receive their fee from the aforesaid king,
asserting that they could in no way be subject to the Burgundian race.
But the king, hearing of their pride and seeing the no small diminution
of his kingdom, having held a council with count Geoffrey and the
primates of the kingdom, at a time appointed and a day named, decided to
besiege the castle of Moriton. But count Geoffrey, foreseeing the
arrival of the king's army, moved his camp from Vindocin, and assaulted
the aforesaid castle with the customary valor and probity of his people,
captured count Geoffrey and his townsmen, who were less afraid, and
delivered or returned them to their lord the king. But count David,
disdaining to come to the king's conference, commanded that he should in
no way submit to him and that at no time should king Robert presume to
see his Maine. But the king, hearing the arrogance and indignation of
the aforesaid earl, granted David himself and his Maine to Geoffrey the
Grey Cloak and his successors by royal gift, to be possessed by right2.
— UP TO THIS POINT ARE THE WRITINGS OF FULCON OF
JERUSALEM.
1. Without dwelling on the many anachronisms that pepper this
story, let us simply say that it should be compared with the chapter
devoted to Geoffroi Grisegonelle in the Gesta consulum Andegavorum,
above, pp. 38-44, and note that we find there, with certain new details,
the echo of the same epic-like legends that we have noted, p. 38, n. 1.
2. The siege of Melun actually took place in the time of Hugh
Capet, in 991, and this text is the only one that speaks in this regard
of an intervention by the Angevins. The account it presents, moreover,
fits only poorly with what we know elsewhere about this event (cf. Lot,
Etudes sur le règne de Hugues Capet, pp. 160-161). It is clear
that this was entirely fabricated to justify the supposed donation made
to Geoffroi Grisegonelle of the king's rights over the bishoprics of
Angers and Le Mans.
1. It is known that in the time of the first Capetians, the
offices of seneschal and mayor of the palace were combined. See A.
Luchaire, Histoire des institutions monarchiques de la France sous
les premiers Capétiens, 2nd ed., vol. I, p. 178, and Du
Gange, Glossarium, au mot "major," ed. Didot, vol. IV, p. 192,
col. 1.
2. Yet another fabulous tale, the purpose of which is obviously
to trace the rights of the counts of Anjou over Maine back to the time
of Geoffroi Grisegonelle. Count David no more existed than Geoffroi
Count of Corbonnais. Cf. Latouche, History of the County of Maine
during the 10th and 11th centuries (Paris,
1910, in-8o), p. 110.
21 July 987, at the siege of Marçon,
county of Blois, "where he was seized with an infirmity".
Annales de Saint-Aubin in Chroniques
des eglises d'Anjou p21 (Paul Marchegay and Emile Mabille,
1869)
DCCCCLXXXVII.— Obiit Gaufridus comes, pater Fulconis comitis, XIIo
kalendas augusti; in obsidione Narsonis (2) super Odonem Rufinum
facta.
(2) Sic pour Marsonis.
This roughly translates as:
987.— Count Geoffrey, father of count Fulk, died on the 12th
Kalends of August [21 July], during the siege of Narson (2) against Odo
Rufinus.
(2) Sic for Marson.
in the abbey
of St. Martin, Tours,
county of Touraine
- Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers
vol 1 pp4-6 p39
p269
(Bertrand de Broussillon, 1903); The
Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (Geoffroy I
"Grisegonelle"); Medieval
Lands (GEOFFROY d'Anjou)
- The
Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (Geoffroy I
"Grisegonelle"); Medieval
Lands (GEOFFROY d'Anjou)
- The
Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (Geoffroy I
"Grisegonelle"); Medieval
Lands (GEOFFROY d'Anjou); wikipedia
(Geoffrey I, Count of Anjou)
- Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Cluny
vol 2 pp528-9 #1474 (Alexandre Bruel, 1876); The
Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (Geoffroy I
"Grisegonelle"); Medieval
Lands (GEOFFROY d'Anjou); Adelais details from Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Cluny
vol 2 pp528-9 #1474 (Alexandre Bruel, 1876) and The
Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (Adélaïde)
- The
Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (Geoffroy I
"Grisegonelle"); Medieval
Lands (GEOFFROY d'Anjou)
- Histoire du comté du Maine p162 (Robert
Latouche, 1910); The
Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (Geoffroy I
"Grisegonelle"); wikipedia
(Geoffrey I, Count of Anjou)
- Chroniques des comtes d'Anjou p167 p233
pp239-41(Louis
Halphen and René Poupardin, 1913); The
Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (Geoffroy I
"Grisegonelle"); Medieval
Lands (GEOFFROY d'Anjou); wikipedia
(Geoffrey I, Count of Anjou)
- Annales de Saint-Aubin in Chroniques
des eglises d'Anjou p21 (Paul Marchegay and Emile
Mabille, 1869); Chroniques des comtes d'Anjou p233
(Louis Halphen and René Poupardin, 1913); The
Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (Geoffroy I
"Grisegonelle"); Medieval
Lands (GEOFFROY d'Anjou)
- Chroniques des comtes d'Anjou p233
(Louis Halphen and René Poupardin, 1913)
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